Outdoor space

Extreme heat has consequences for outdoor spaces, both in the city and its immediate surroundings. Heat, drought, and wildfires can cause damage. Additionally, during hot days, there will be more recreational activities in outdoor spaces, increasing the pressure on these areas. This applies to natural areas, parks, and urban beaches, among others. It is essential to consider these consequences in urban design and spatial (re)development.

Evenings will also see increased use of parks and outdoor spaces, for example, by groups barbecuing. This can result in social nuisances such as noise, odour, litter, and issues with pests, like rats.

The mind map further elaborates on four consequences of heat on outdoor spaces:

• Damage to nature
• Pressure on outdoor spaces
• Social nuisance
• Events